Electronic Telegram No. 5635 Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Mailing address: Hoffman Lab 209; Harvard University; 20 Oxford St.; Cambridge, MA 02138; U.S.A. e-mail: cbatiau@eps.harvard.edu (alternate cbat@iau.org) URL http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/index.html Prepared using the Tamkin Foundation Computer Network TAURID METEORS 2025 J. M. Trigo-Rodriguez, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, writes: "The existence of the Taurid resonant swarm, a possible concentration of bodies with diameters of several tens of meters in diameter located in the interior of the Taurid meteoroid stream produced by comet 2P/Encke and dynamically associated with the 7:2 mean motion resonance with Jupiter, has been recently tested telescopically, and predicted to return in 2025 (Ye et al. 2025, Acta Astron. 238, 285; Wiegert et al. 2025, Planet. Sci. J. 6, 6). Extremely bright Taurid fireballs were detected during Nov. 3-5 as radiating from a geocentric radiant at R.A. = 58 deg, Decl. = 14.5 deg (from fifteen bright meteors). These represented meteoroids that were all a few tens of cm in size, but are clearly distinguishable from the two main branches and consistent with the radiant location of the 2015 resonant Taurid outburst (Spurny et al. 2017, A.Ap. 605, A68). The mere presence of these components of large meteoroids deserves consideration because it could be a consequence of the continuous diruption of meter-sized meteoroids, or even small minor planets. Overall, continuous meteor monitoring by the Spanish Fireball and Meteorite recovery Network SPMN imaged an increasing background level of bright resonant Taurids from Oct. 29 onwards, but remarkably identified ten bright fireballs on Nov. 3, and more than 25 fireballs on Nov. 4. A peak of resonant Taurid fireballs much brighter than the full moon, and exhibiting disruptions and persistent trains, appeared over Europe on the night of Nov. 3/4 at solar longitude 221.4-221.7 degrees. Unusual activity of bright bolides was still ongoing early on Nov. 5 UT, and, even while is is quite unlikely for the usually moderate dynamic strength of 0.3 MPa for catastrophic disruption exhibited by Taurid meteoroids (Trigo-Rodriguez and Llorca 2006, MNRAS 372, 655). SPMN fireball collaborative monitoring coordinated from ICE/CSIC in Spain is performed on a continuous basis by L. Aguasca, M. Aznar, V. Cayuelas, J. Donet, J. Figueras, M. A. Furones, M. A. Garcia, J. Gil, F. Gomez, J. Izquierdo, A. Lasala, J. M. Llenas, P. Montplet, S. Pastor, C. Pineda, P. Pont, P. Pujols, J. A. de los Reyes, A. J.Robles, and B. Santamaria in the framework of the SPMN, a pro/am fireball initiative supported by the IAU Executive Committee Working Group for Professional- Amateur Relations in Astronomy. A byproduct of this remarkable effort is a daily updated fireball detection list over Spain and neighboring countries (https://www.ice.csic.es/news/citizen-science?view=article&id=674&catid=14). Trigo-Rodriguez adds that J. Figueras at the Riudellots de la Selva (Girona, Spain) forward-scatter station confirms a significant increase in short and long endurance echoes during the first days of November. While from Nov. 1 to 3, the total number of echoes was between 60 and 90 per hour, on the early hours of Nov. 4, it reached 130 echoes/hour, with a distinguishable high level of long endurance (t > 1 s) events in two separate peaks. NOTE: These 'Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams' are sometimes superseded by text appearing later in the printed IAU Circulars. (C) Copyright 2025 CBAT 2025 November 8 (CBET 5635) Daniel W. E. Green